VCVITAMINS/CHART

The Bottom Line

Yes, you can take copper and PQQ together — no known interaction exists between them, and combining them is safe for most adults.

VERDICT

Copper and PQQ together have no known interaction, so combining these supplements is safe. Copper supports energy production and connective tissue health, while PQQ acts as a redox cofactor that promotes mitochondrial biogenesis. They use different absorption pathways and don't compete, making them a reasonable addition to a daily routine.

Safe to combine Moderate evidence
01 / MECHANISM

How They Interact

Copper is a trace mineral absorbed primarily in the stomach and duodenum via the Ctr1 transporter, while PQQ is a small water-soluble redox cofactor that enters the bloodstream through SGLT1 and related intestinal transporters. Once absorbed, copper is bound to ceruloplasmin and incorporated into enzymes like cytochrome c oxidase and superoxide dismutase, which participate in mitochondrial respiration and antioxidant defense. PQQ also supports mitochondria, but through a distinct mechanism—it redox cycles to stimulate cellular antioxidant systems and promote mitochondrial biogenesis via cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) signaling. Because these two nutrients do not share carrier proteins or receptor sites, there is no biochemical basis for competition or interference. No clinical evidence suggests that taking them together alters absorption, distribution, or activity of either compound.

02 / BEST PRACTICES

How To Take Them

If you need both copper and PQQ, you can take them together at the same time, ideally in the morning with a meal. Copper is better absorbed with a light meal that contains some protein; PQQ is water-soluble and absorbs fine with or without food. There is no need to space them apart. If you also take a high-dose zinc or iron supplement, separate that from copper by at least two hours to avoid absorption competition. The tolerable upper intake level for copper is 10 mg per day, so verify the total amount in all supplements and fortified foods. For PQQ, typical supplemental doses range from 10 to 20 mg daily—do not exceed the label recommendation. If you are on thyroid medication, take copper at least four hours away from levothyroxine to prevent binding and reduced absorption.

03 / FORM MATTERS

Form & Quality Differences

Copper supplements come in several forms: cupric oxide is poorly absorbed, while copper glycinate, gluconate, and citrate are more bioavailable, especially when taken on an empty stomach. PQQ is typically sold as PQQ disodium salt, which is water-soluble and well absorbed. The specific form of copper matters for overall absorption efficiency but does not change how it interacts with PQQ. Opt for a chelated copper like glycinate if you're using a standalone copper supplement.

04 / COMMON STACKS

Where This Pair Shows Up

Copper is a standard ingredient in multivitamins and multiminerals, frequently paired with zinc and iron to prevent mineral imbalances. PQQ is more commonly found in mitochondrial energy stacks alongside CoQ10, creatine, and B vitamins, though the two are rarely combined in a single pre-made formula.

Multivitamins Prenatals Performance Longevity
05

Practical Tips

06

Frequently Asked Questions

Who Should Be Careful People with Wilson's disease or any other copper metabolism disorder should avoid copper supplements entirely and speak with their doctor before taking any product that contains copper. PQQ should be avoided during pregnancy and breastfeeding due to a lack of safety research. Individuals with kidney or liver conditions should consult a healthcare provider before adding either supplement, particularly if they are on medications metabolized by the liver. If you take thyroid hormone replacement, space copper away from your levothyroxine dose to maintain consistent hormone levels.
08

Sources & Further Reading

  1. NIH ODS NIH Office of Dietary Supplements — Copper Fact Sheet
  2. NIH ODS NIH Office of Dietary Supplements — PQQ Fact Sheet
  3. Examine.com Examine.com — Copper interaction page
  4. Examine.com Examine.com — PQQ interaction page

Reviewed by Caroline M. on April 27, 2026 for accuracy against the sources listed above. This page is educational and is not a substitute for professional medical advice.

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Back To The Vitamins Chart All PQQ (Pyrroloquinoline Quinone) (cellular health) Interactions All Copper Interactions